Good evening from Southern Connecticut Weather. 

It has been a wet but very quiet spring so far, and that's allowed us to take a break from our more formal writing. While things continue to look quiet, as the primary forecaster these days it's time to get back into the rhythm as we head toward the start of meteorological summer in just a few short weeks. 

May is right around the corner, and we will go from our near to below normal period of temperatures to warmer than normal in the coming week. We may however seesaw right back to below normal. As we head into graduation (and growing) season, it'd be good to dry out and get some extended periods of sun and seasonable warmth.

​Let's dive in.

Above: an NRCC analysis of rainfall departures since January 1, 2024. It has been exceptionally wet this year, and as everyone knows, this wet weather goes back to last summer as well. We could use a break. 

Monday
Tomorrow should be the warmest day of the week. High pressure will be in control again tomorrow, and while we may have to deal with showers in the predawn hours and with early low clouds much like today, we should get clearing over the course of the day. I expect highs in the upper 70s for interior CT, with a chance of 80 if we can get the clouds to burn off sooner in the morning.

Along the shoreline, expect another sea breeze, but it should be a nice day with temperatures a bit cooler than inland. Like the last few days, there will be a chance of showers late in the day and overnight, but we're not expecting anything significant.

With a warmer regime in place, even with the cooler temperatures I'll explain below, we're not expecting any frost or freeze risk this week. 

Above: 18z GFS depiction of temperatures tomorrow afternoon. The Euro also agrees with interior highs in the upper 70s, but we could see temperatures approach 80 if we get enough sun. 

Tuesday-Wednesday
Following Monday's warmth, we will be visited by a springtime staple--the backdoor cold front. These are boundaries that can bring drastically different weather conditions, where one side of the boundary is quite chilly and the other side is much warmer. On Tuesday and Wednesday (and maybe beyond) we are likely to be on the cool side of the boundary. 

Tuesday should bring more cloudy conditions and temperatures in the 60s. There will be shower chances through the day. It won't be raining the entire time, but it'll be a good idea to have the umbrella handy. Some weak thunderstorms are possible late in NW CT. 

Wednesday is more tricky, but becoming more likely. The latest GFS wants to bring in even colder air, with could result in highs in the 40s to near 50 verbatim. I'm not a believer it gets that cold, but expect another cloudy day with colder than normal highs. The image below, a GFS depiction shows what would be wetter and cold day. Remember that at this time of year average high temperatures are around 65 degrees. 

Thursday-Friday
The end of the work week is looking drier but there are still significant differences in where the backdoor front sets up. The GFS keeps us warmer and the Euro keeps us colder. Each are pretty dry, so that gives me a little more confidence in at least that aspect of the forecast. For now, I am going to split the difference and keep highs close to, but below, climatological normal. 

In the European depiction below, note the wind barbs and how frequently they shift. It's going to be a battle between late spring warmth and mid spring chill. Images courtesy of Pivotal Weather. 

Saturday-Sunday
The weekend has a bit more clarity than the uncertain work week, as we should be dealing with another front. This should be a cold front working its way through the region, but timing at this point is somewhat uncertain. For now, I'm going to go with a late Saturday passage, with highs in the seasonable range. 

The Dailies
Monday: Cloudy with showers early followed by decreasing clouds during the day and increasing clouds late. Highs in the upper 70s to 80 inland and low to mid 70s at the shore (exception SE CT). Chance of showers 30%. 

Tuesday: Mostly cloudy with showers. Highs in the mid to upper 60s. Chance of showers 50%. 

Wednesday: Mostly cloudy with showers. Highs in the upper 50s to low 60s. Chance of showers 50%. 

Thursday: Partly cloudy. Highs in the upper 50s to low 60s. 

Friday: Mostly sunny. Highs in the mid to upper 60s. 

Saturday: Partly cloudy early with increasing clouds and showers late. Highs in the mid to upper 60s. Chance of rain 60%

Sunday: Mostly sunny and cooler. Highs in the low 60s. Chance of rain 30%. 

​​A​s always, please like, share, and interact with us on our social media--on Facebook to share our discussions, and follow us on Twitter @southernctwx to retweet our posts. Hit the buttons below to join.
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Thank you for reading SCW.
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​-DB

Hello from Southern Connecticut Weather. 

We have fully transitioned to spring in Connecticut. In fact, meteorological summer is just a month away! Much like with our significant winter storm forecasts, it's time to analyze our winter forecast for the 2023-24 season. 

Our trend of extremely warm and underwhelming true winters continued with an important caveat--a higher end snowstorm in February that accounted for a substantial portion of our winter snowfall. We thought it'd be closer to a normal winter, and it wasn't even close. Let's look at the results. 

The temperature departure for meteorological winter was just absurd nationwide. Virtually no part of the continental US was below normal in December, January, and February. The warmest departures were in the northern tier, again. 

Temperatures
We were far too conservative, and honestly, I wonder if the train is running away with regard to our winter temperature climate. We highlighted that the potentially strong El Nino could mean another blowtorch (over 3 degrees above normal), and while the upper level pattern didn't necessarily flood us with the kind of warmth we've seen in recent record warm winters, it was right up there with the warmest of them. We had warmth and very few extended cold periods. Once again, nighttime lows being well above normal really pushed temperature averages higher. We didn't have a true Arctic outbreak either. This kind of multi-year anomalous warmth has me concerned for the environmental changes that are taking root, but setting that aside, our temperature forecast was horrendous.

Temperature Forecast
December: 1 to 2 degrees above normal
January: 1 to 2 degrees above normal
February: -.5 degree below normal to 1 degree above normal
Winter Composite: 1-2 degrees above normal

Temperature Actuals
December: +6.5 at Hartford/+3.9 at Bridgeport
January: +4.3 at Hartford/+3.1 at Bridgeport 
February: +4.9 at Hartford/+3.6 at Bridgeport 
Winter Composite: +5.3 at Hartford/+3.5 at Bridgeport 

Grade: F

What's the Long Term Trend?
While it's easy enough to look at what happened and call it a day, I think it's also important to look at the long term trend we're seeing. Below is the average temperature at the official reporting stations of Hartford (BDL) and Bridgeport (BDR) for the last 30 years.

The green line is the average over the time period. The first thing you'll notice is that temperatures of course have a cyclical element to them. The late 90s had warm winters, followed by a series of colder than normal winters (actually some very cold winters) in the early 2000s. 

What has me concerned about this most recent period is the duration of the warmth and scale of it. Some of our warmest winters on record have dominated the last decade. Worse, the most recent below normal winters have been warmer than preceding below normal winters. In the past, we had very few consecutive winters that were warmer than normal. At Hartford there are 3 years in the late 90s (1997-99), 2 years in the 2000s (2006-07), and 2 twice in 2012-2013 and again in 2016-2017. The years 2020-24 have all been above normal, and it has been nine years since our last truly cold winter.

​This is exceptional warmth and the consecutive warm winters are already having an impact on our climate with things like the exploding tick population and rise of invasive species that are able to survive milder winters. 

Indications already are that the next winter will be warm...

Precipitation
The precipitation grade won't be good either. We thought correctly that we'd be in a wetter than normal pattern, but quite frankly, we could not have guessed that we'd see a historically summer and fall continue through the winter. That's exactly what happened, as we saw a barrage of high precipitation winter storms. 

Hartford had 7 days in the December-February period with 1" of precipitation or more. The average is 2.5 days. It also saw 14 days with .50" of precipitation. The average is 7. While it wasn't part of the forecast period, March was excessively wet as well. We said we didn't see a high end high precipitation winter and were dead wrong. Ugh. 

Precipitation Forecast
December: 100% to 120% of normal
January: 90% to 110% of normal
February: 90% to 110% of normal
Winter Composite: 90% to 110% of normal

Precipitation Forecast
December: 203% at Hartford/191% at Bridgeport
January: 164% at Hartford/210% at Bridgeport 
February: 60% at Hartford/60% at Bridgeport 
Winter Composite: 174% at Hartford (Record)/158% at Bridgeport 

Grade: D-

​What's the Long Term Trend?
​I'm glad I looked at the longer term trend for precipitation, because this helped move the grade from F to D-. It's almost a pity move. This past winter was historically wet. Although we're looking at the 30 year period below at Hartford and Bridgeport I looked at the entire period of record at both locations, which goes back to 1905 at Hartford and 1948 at Bridgeport. This past winter was off the charts wet for Hartford--the wettest on record. The entire record. For Bridgeport it was the wettest in 30 years and second wettest on record. That's not something easily predicted. 

With a changing climate you can see that we're seeing more precipitation laden winters as well. Keep in mind that we're looking at the winter season here, not the entire year, but we've seen consistently wetter than normal winters since about 2007, and very few consecutive drier than normal winters in the same period. As winters likely continue to warm, I don't think this general trend will stop, though we will certainly have below normal precipitation winters. 

Snowfall
The historically wet winter merely adds insult to injury for snow lovers. Like we said in our forecast, it's all about snow. We expected a backloaded winter, and to the extent that there was a winter, it was backloaded. That doesn't help much, as both December and March were snowless despite plenty of precipitation. While we did see the upper level pattern materialize as we expected in January, it was just tough sledding to get any good cold into the region in time for our frequent storms. The one time it did, it was an exceptionally difficult and nearly miraculous winter storm that accounted for much of the snowfall in the state in February. Ironically, that storm was supposed to herald a very strong winter pattern, but that ended up being a dud. 

Truly bad, and just a step above disastrous--both in the snowfall and forecast. 

Unlike temperatures, I don't think that snowfall is settling into a new and far less wintry normal. We've seen plenty of storms in the 2010s, and I think we're just in a very poor period for snowfall. 

Snowfall Forecast
December: 50% to 70% of normal
January: 80% to 100% of normal
February: 100% to 120% of normal
March: 80% to 100% of normal

Winter Snowfall: 80%-100% of normal across Connecticut

Snowfall Forecast
December: 0% at Hartford/0% at Bridgeport
January: 109% at Hartford/65% at Bridgeport 
February: 57% at Hartford/94% at Bridgeport 
March: 0% at Hartford/0% at Bridgeport
Winter Composite: 48% at Hartford/46% at Bridgeport 

Grade: F
​
​What's the Long Term Trend?
I mean it sincerely when I write that I'm not sure if there is a discernible long term trend with snowfall. For the charts above, I used 30 years of records because you really want to see a multi-decadal period of record to have a real understanding of significant trends. Snowfall is highly variable. Some years are warm and snowy. Some years are cold and dry. Some years are normal, and other years have a big storm or two that skew numbers. 

Let's look first at the length of the season. Here, this data uses Connecticut as a whole for first and last 1" snowfalls. These numbers vary widely between different snowfall amounts. What bolsters the overall data on the shortening of the winter season is the steep increase in the number of days in the growing season--weeks overall--in the last 30 years. 

What you can see above is a plot that places each first 1" snowfall. This data goes back to 1893. The black line is the average. Since 1893, the first 1" snowfall have moved slightly in the month of December. Now let's take a look at the last 1" snowfall.

For this plot, we are using the same period of record, and you can see that our last 1" snowfall has changed more significantly (though still not a truly enormous amount). Our last 1" snowfalls are happening earlier, meaning a shorter winter season. 

​It's indisputable that the last half decade has been well below normal in snowfall. Rather than snow totals, let's look at a good proxy for the severity of storms--the amount of winter warnings issued. Here we're again looking statewide at winter storm warnings and blizzard warnings. You can tell that we're in lean years given the lack of warnings lately. 

​Overall
It was a bad winter and bad forecast. We thought it'd be warm, and it was a blowtorch. We thought it would be wet and it was a downright deluge. We thought snowfall would be near to below normal, and it was less than half of normal. In this multi-year period, we've learned how much the Pacific pattern is dominant. The combination of a strong El Nino and poor Pacific pattern overwhelmed any solid Atlantic pattern we had, and made even great track coastal storms way too warm for snow, especially at the coast. Winter lovers can take solace in one big winter storm for the year, but there is no joy to be found among the SCW team as we give this winter forecast our worst grade since publishing these. We hold ourselves accountable regardless. 

Final Grade: F

Better luck next year. 

​A​s always, please like, share, and interact with us on our social media--on Facebook to share our discussions, and follow us on Twitter @southernctwx to retweet our posts. Hit the buttons below to join.
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Thank you for reading SCW.
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​-DB